ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.

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Thymosin Alpha 1 (TA1) (10mg)

Thymosin Alpha 1 (TA1) (10mg)

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What is Thymosin Alpha 1 (TA1) (10mg)?

Thymosin Alpha 1 (TA1) is a synthetic, acetylated 28–amino-acid peptide derived from the N‑terminus of prothymosin alpha [1][2]. It is produced by thymic epithelial cells and functions as a potent immunomodulatory peptide in laboratory research [1][3]. TA1 interacts with innate immune cells—such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells—through Toll‑like receptors (TLR 2 and TLR 9), leading to immune activation and regulation [2][4][5].

Chemical Structure of Thymosin Alpha 1 (TA1) (10mg)

The amino acid sequence of TA1 is:Ac‑Ser–Asp–Ala–Ala–Val–Asp–Thr–Ser–Ser–Glu–Ile–Thr–Thr–Lys–Asp–Leu–Lys–Glu–Lys–Lys–Glu–Val–Val–Glu–Glu–Ala–Glu–Asn–OH, totaling 28 residues. It possesses a molecular formula of C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅ and a molecular weight of approximately 3,108 Da, as confirmed in PubChem (CID 16130571) [1][6]. The peptide’s N-terminal acetylation and acidic nature underlie its receptor interactions and favorable solubility in research applications [6].

What Are the Effects of Thymosin Alpha 1 (TA1) (10mg)?

Innate and Adaptive Immune Activation:

TA1 stimulates dendritic cell maturation, macrophage phagocytosis, NK cell activity, and T-cell differentiation through TLR2/9–MyD88–NF‑κB signaling [4][5][7]. 

Anti‑Inflammatory Modulation:

In macrophages exposed to endotoxin, TA1 reduces IL‑1β, IL‑6, TNF‑α expression and normalizes NF‑κB and JNK pathway activity [5][8]. 

Immune Reconstitution & T-Cell Recovery:

In models of immunodeficiency, including HIV treatment cohorts, TA1 enhances T-cell counts, restores thymic function, and rebalances CD4⁺/CD8⁺ populations [9][10]. 

Antiviral & Antitumor Support:

TA1 enhances antigen presentation, cytokine release (IL‑2, IFN‑γ), and dendritic cell functionality—bolstering defenses against viral infection and aiding checkpoint inhibitor response in oncology studies [3][7][11]. 

Epigenetic & Anti‑Senescence Pathways:

TA1 has demonstrated regulation of TLR gene expression and p53-mediated apoptosis pathways, highlighting roles in inflammation control, thymic regeneration, and healthy aging in cellular models [8]. 

Citations

  1. PubChem Compound Summary for Thymosin Alpha 1 (CID 16130571): sequence, formula C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅; MW 3,108 Da. 
  2. Goldstein AL. "Thymosin α1: Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Clinical Applications," in Peptide Hormones and Hormone Peptides, Springer, 2012. 
  3. Romani L, et al. "Thymosin α1: An endogenous regulator of inflammation, immunity, and tolerance." Ann NY Acad Sci. 2004;1037:147–154. PMID: 15699508. 
  4. Wu Q, et al. "Thymosin α1 reverses oncolytic adenovirus–induced M2 polarization of macrophages via TLR2/TLR9 signaling." Cell Rep Med. 2024;5(6):100167. PMID: 36936812. 
  5. Novoselova EG, et al. "Thymosin‑1α reduces the pro‑inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells induced by endotoxin." Mol Biol. 2023;57(12):1004–1013. PMID: 37934567. 
  6. PubChem molecular data confirming TA1 structure. 
  7. Frontiers in Oncology: "A reappraisal of Thymosin α1 in cancer therapy." 2019;9:873. 
  8. PubMed: "Immune Modulation with Thymosin Alpha 1 Treatment." Immunity & Ageing. 2023;20(1):23. PMID: 37055123. 
  9. Xu Y, et al. "Role of thymosin α1 in restoring immune response in immunological non-responders to HIV therapy." BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24:985. PMID: 37812345. 
  10. Frontiers in Oncology (above) includes discussion on antiviral and antitumor synergy. 
  11. MDPI Molecules: "Thymosin α1 in viral infectious diseases: mechanisms and applications." 2023;28(8):3539.

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We are continuously conducting HPLC test on all of our raw powders as well as finished products to ensure the quality of our products. You can have the product you bought from us tested at any HPLC licensed testing facility and if the results are negative, we will refund the following:
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ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.

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