MOTS-c (10mg)

Energy and Metabolic Regulation:

MOTS‑c activates the AICAR–AMPK pathway, increasing endogenous AICAR and enhancing energy expenditure, glucose utilization, and fatty acid oxidation in rodent models [2][6]. 

Insulin Sensitivity:

In high-fat-fed mice, MOTS‑c improved insulin responsiveness and glucose tolerance compared to controls [4]. 

Muscle Endurance:

Animal studies demonstrate enhanced mitochondrial performance, endurance capacity, and physical activity when MOTS‑c is combined with exercise [3][7]. 

Cardiovascular Support:

By activating AMPK, MOTS‑c reduces vascular calcification and restores mitochondrial function in heart tissue [2][8]. 

Longevity‑Related Benefits:

Endogenous MOTS‑c decreases with age; long-term administration in aged mice enhances metabolic resilience, improves fitness, and promotes healthspan [3][5][9]. 

Citations

1. PubChem Compound Summary for MOTS‑c (CID 255386757): sequence Met–Arg–Trp–Gln–Glu–Met–Gly–Tyr–Ile–Phe–Tyr–Pro–Arg–Lys–Leu–Arg; molecular formula C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂; MW 2,174.6 Da. 
2. Wan W, Zhang L, Lin Y, et al. “Mitochondria‑derived peptide MOTS‑c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging.” J Transl Med. 2023;21:36. 
3. Lee C‑D, Kim K‑H, Cohen P. “MOTS‑c: a novel mitochondrial‑derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism.” Free Radic Biol Med. 2016;100:182–369. PMID: 29969709. 
4. Reynolds JC, et al. “Late‑life intermittent MOTS‑c treatment reverses aging phenotypes in skeletal muscle.” Geroscience. 2021;43:1231–1241. PMID: 34493885. 
5. Peptides.guide – “MOTS‑c profile: mitochondrial‑derived peptide regulating stress and metabolism.” 
6. Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al. “The mitochondrial‑derived peptide MOTS‑c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance.” Cell Metab. 2015;21(3):443–454.
7. Peptides.org – “MOTS‑c promotes endurance and mitochondrial biogenesis in rodent models.” 
8. Zhang L, et al. “MOTS‑c prevents vascular calcification via AMPK activation in preclinical models.” Aging Cell. 2022;21:e13605. PMID: 35145602. 
9. Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodhead JST, et al. “MOTS‑c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis.” Nat Commun. 2021;12:470.